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محیط مشارکتی
, participatory platforms, citizen sourcing advice, community engagement, knowledge incubation), explore the drivers of collaborative failure (e.g.
The design of participatory platforms and "government-as-a- plaVorm" (O'Reilly, 2011) is integral to successfully engender civic engagement that legitimately and effectively addresses public issues and fulfills the act of public governance.
Crowdsourcing leverages these motives by engaging the surplus interests, activities, and productivity of the public to actively address public issues and challenges through participatory platforms.
Although features of transparency and collaboration are important for realizing the goal of participatory platforms, they are not sufficient.
Care must be taken when designing participatory platforms that incentives are offered that will attract a diverse group of individuals and entities.
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